{"id":2475,"date":"2021-10-01T05:27:30","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T05:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stgwebsite.mindspark.in\/wordpress\/?page_id=2475"},"modified":"2022-01-02T06:31:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T06:31:50","slug":"geometric-progression","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stgwebsite.mindspark.in\/studymaterial\/math-concepts\/geometric-progression\/","title":{"rendered":"Geometric Progression"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; module_class=&#8221;mainsec&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.10.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#e0f2fd&#8221; z_index=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;5px||5px||true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.10.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1310px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|51px|40px|51px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;|40px|30px|40px|false|true&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Column L&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.10&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Acute Angles<br \/>\n&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.10.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;50px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.18em&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|0px||4px|false|false&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;35px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Geometric Progression<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.11.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#a01414&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#777777&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|15px||4px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Geometric Progression<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The series in which the ratio of any two successive numbers is constant is known as geometric progression. For example, consider a series containing the terms 8, 16, 32, 64, and so on. The ratio of any two consecutive numbers i.e(16 )\/8=(32 )\/16=(64 )\/32=2. Similarly, consider a series having 180,60,20, and so on. The ratio of any two consecutive terms in this series is 1\/3<\/p>\n<p>From the compound interest that we receive on our deposits in the bank to the growth of population, many examples of geometric progression can be found around us.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Terms of Geometric Progression:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A geometric progression can be specified by two numbers namely the first term and the common ratio.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The first term, denoted by the letter a, is the first term of the geometric progression. For example, in a geometric progression containing the terms 5,15, 45, 135, and so on, the first term a = 5.<\/p>\n<p>The common ratio is the constant ratio of any two consecutive terms in a geometric progression. We can calculate the common ratio r by dividing a term in the GP by its immediate preceding term. So, r =T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub>\/T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>In the above-mentioned series, the common ratio r =\u00a0 15\/5= 45\/15=3<\/p>\n<p>We can multiply the common ratio to a term in a GP and the resulting product is the immediately succeeding term in the GP.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So, a geometric progression can be expressed in the form of a, ar, ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2<\/sup>, ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">3<\/sup>, ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">4<\/sup>\u2026\u2026ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Where a = the first term<br \/>\nr = common ratio<br \/>\nn = number of terms in the GP<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Formulas for Geometric Progression:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th<\/sup> term of a Geometric Progression:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Consider a geometric progression having the terms 7, 35, 175, 875, and 4375.<\/p>\n<p>The first term is 7 and the common ratio of the above series is 5.<\/p>\n<p>Now, we can write the different terms in the above series as below.<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">1 <\/sub>= 7\u00a0 = a = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">1-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2<\/sub> = 35 = 7X3 = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">3<\/sub> = 175 = 5X3<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2<\/sup> = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">3-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So, the formula to calculate the n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th <\/sup>term of a GP is T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>To calculate the n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th<\/sup> term from the end of a GP where the last term is known, we can use the formula \u00a0T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub>=l\/r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Where l = last term<\/p>\n<p>r = common ratio<\/p>\n<p>n = number of terms from the end of the GP.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sum of n terms in a geometric progression<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The geometric progression can be expressed as a, ar, ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2<\/sup>, ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">3<\/sup>,&#8230;ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Now the common ratio can either be r = 1 or r&gt;1 or r&lt;1.<\/p>\n<p>If r = 1, then S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = a+a(1)+a(1)<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2<\/sup>+a(1)<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">3<\/sup>+&#8230;.+a(1)<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup> = na.<\/p>\n<p>If r &gt;1, then S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = (a ( r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sup>-1 ))\/(r-1)<\/p>\n<p>And when r &lt; 1, S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = (a (1- r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sup>\u00a0 ))\/(1-r)<\/p>\n<p>Where,<\/p>\n<p>a = first term<\/p>\n<p>r = common ratio and<\/p>\n<p>n = number of terms in the GP<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sum of an infinite geometric progression<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A geometric progression that has an infinite number of terms is called an infinite geometric progression. The sum of an infinite geometric series can be calculated using the formula<br \/>\n<strong><b>S = <\/b><b>a \/(<\/b><b>1-r)<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">where <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r not equal to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0 and | r | &lt;1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Formula summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"602\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th<\/sup> term of a GP<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\">\u00a0T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th<\/sup> term from the end of a GP<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\">T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub>=l\/r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">Sum of n terms in a GP where r &gt; 1<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\">\u00a0S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = (a ( r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sup>-1 ))\/(r-1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">Sum of n terms in a GP where r &lt; 1<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\">\u00a0\u00a0S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = (a (1- r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sup> ))\/(1-r)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">Sum of n terms in a GP where r = 1<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\">S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = na<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">Sum of an infinite GP<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\"><strong>S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = (a )\/(1-r)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Solved Examples<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>X has Rs. 1,00,000 and he gives 2% of the money remaining with him to charity every day for 10 days. How much cash is left with him at the end of the 10<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th<\/sup> day?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mr. X has Rs. 1,00,000 on Day 1. He would be left with 98% of the previous day\u2019s balance after giving away 2% to charity. So he would have Rs. 98,000 on Day 2. Similarly, on Day 3, he would have Rs. 96,040 and so on. We can see that this creates a geometric progression with the first term a = 1,00,000 and the common ratio r = 98,000\/1,00,0000.98<\/p>\n<p>To find out how much money is left with him on Day 10, we can use the formula<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = 100000\u27150.98<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10-1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = 100000\u27150.8337477<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = Rs. 83,374.77<\/p>\n<p>So, Mr. X would have Rs. 83,375 as on Day 10.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>What are the first 10 terms of the GP 5, 20, 80, 320 \u2026?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0 the given question, we can see that the first term of the GP a = 5 and the common ratio r = 4. We have to find the first 10 terms of this GP and it is given that T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">4<\/sub> = 320. We know that if we multiply the common ratio with a term in the GP, the resulting product is the immediate succeeding term. So,<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">5<\/sub> = T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">4<\/sub> x r = 320 x 4 =1,280<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">6<\/sub> = T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">5<\/sub>x r = 1280 x 4 =5,120<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">7<\/sub> = T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">6<\/sub> x r = 5120 x 4 = 20,480<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">8<\/sub> = T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">7<\/sub> x r = 20480 x 4 = 81,920<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">9<\/sub> = T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">8<\/sub> x r = 81920 x 4 = 3,27,680<\/p>\n<p>T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">9<\/sub> x r = 3,27,680 x 4 = 13,10,720<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Y joined a job on January 01, 2010, with a salary of Rs. 20,000 p.a. He gets an increment of 10% of the previous salary every year. Calculate the total amount earned by Mr. Y at the end of December 31, 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is given that the salary earned by Mr. Y increases by 10% each year. This means the salary of Mr. Y for any given year is 110% or 1.10 times the salary he received in the previous year. So, we can say, the salary received by Mr. Y during this period forms a geometric progression with the first term 20,000 and the common ratio is 1.10. To calculate how much he had earned by December 2019, we need to calculate the sum of the GP for 10 years.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The sum of GP where r &gt; 1 = S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> =(a ( r<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sup>-1 ))\/(r-1)<\/p>\n<p>S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = (20000 ( (1.1)<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sup>-1 ))\/(1.1-1)<\/p>\n<p>S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = (20000 ( 1.5937 ))\/0.1<\/p>\n<p>S<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">10<\/sub> = <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3,18,740<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; module_id=&#8221;stickysideR&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Column R&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.10.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#fdefe0&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;25px|25px|25px|25px|true|true&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_offset_top=&#8221;-280px&#8221; sticky_limit_top=&#8221;row&#8221; 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transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_scale__hover=&#8221;102%|102%&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Explore Other Topics<br \/>\n&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.11&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;25px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;8px|15px|0px|15px|false|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Explore Other Topics<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.10.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2.2em&#8221; link_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|15px|10px|28px|true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"trr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stgwebsite.mindspark.in\/wordpress\/math-concepts\/#geometry\" class=\"otherc\">Geometry<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"trr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stgwebsite.mindspark.in\/wordpress\/math-concepts\/#trigonometry\" class=\"otherc\">Trigonometry<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"trr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stgwebsite.mindspark.in\/wordpress\/math-concepts\/#operations\" class=\"otherc\">Operations<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"trr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stgwebsite.mindspark.in\/wordpress\/math-concepts\/#numbers\" class=\"otherc\">Numbers<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Related Concepts<br \/>\n&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.11&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;25px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;8px|15px|0px|15px|false|true&#8221; 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_module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1310px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|40px||40px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.11&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;FAQ&#8221; module_class=&#8221;faqstyl&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.11.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;2.5em&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#dbedc6&#8243; max_width=&#8221;80%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|25px|30px|25px|true|true&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Frequently Asked Questions<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li>What is the relationship between the three terms in GP?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If a, b and c are three terms in GP, then b is the geometric mean of a and c. This can be written as <strong>b<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">2<\/sup> = ac <\/strong>or <strong>b =\u221aac<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>What is the formula to calculate the n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th<\/sup> term in a GP?<br \/>\nWe can calculate the n<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">th <\/sup>term using the formula T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub> = ar<sup style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>What is the common ratio and how to calculate the common ratio in a GP?<br \/>\nThe common ratio is the constant ratio of any two consecutive terms in a geometric progression. The common ratio r =T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n<\/sub>\/T<sub style=\"font-size: 10px;\">n-1<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The series in which the ratio of any two consecutive numbers is constant is known as geometric progression. Sum of a GP =  S = a(1-rn)(1-r) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":714,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Geometric Progression - mydomain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The series in which the ratio of any two consecutive numbers is constant is known as geometric progression. 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